What is a computer? Or write down the basic functions of a computer?

What is a computer? Or write  down the basic functions of a computer?

 

What is a Computer?

A computer is an electronic machine that is capable of performing a wide variety of tasks by following a set of instructions called a program. It can store, retrieve, and process data very quickly and accurately.

It is used in almost every field, such as:

• Education (for learning, online classes)

• Business (accounting, communication)

• Hospitals (patient records)

• Government (data processing)

• Entertainment (movies, games, music)

Definition:
A computer is an electronic device that accepts input, processes it using a program, stores the data, and produces output.

 

Basic Functions of a Computer

A computer works using the IPOS model, which stands for Input, Processing, Output, and Storage. It also includes Control, which manages all the processes.

1. Input Function

This is the first step, where the computer receives data or instructions from the user.

• Devices Used:

  • Keyboard (text input)

  • Mouse (pointing and clicking)

  • Scanner (images or documents)

  • Microphone (audio input)

Example: Typing your name using a keyboard.

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2. Processing Function

After receiving the input, the computer processes the data using the CPU (Central Processing Unit).

• The CPU has two main parts:

  • ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) – does all mathematical and logical operations

  • CU (Control Unit) – controls the flow of data inside the computer

Example: Calculating the sum of 5 + 3.

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3. Storage Function

The computer stores data, instructions, and results for current or future use.

• Types of Storage:

  • Primary Memory (RAM) – Temporary memory used while the computer is running

  • Secondary Memory (Hard Disk, SSD, Pen Drive) – Permanent storage

 Example: Saving a Word document on your computer.

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4. Output Function

After processing, the computer provides the result through output devices.

• Devices Used:

  • Monitor (displays text/images)

  • Printer (prints documents)

  • Speakers (gives sound output)

 Example: Seeing the result of 5 + 3 = 8 on the screen.

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5. Control Function

The Control Unit of the CPU manages and coordinates all the operations—input, processing, storage, and output.

• It directs the flow of data between all parts of the computer.

• Ensures instructions are carried out in the correct sequence.

 Example: Ensuring that calculation happens after input is given and before output is show

Flow Explanation:

1. Input Devices – Send data to the computer (keyboard, mouse).

2. CPU (Processing Unit) – Performs calculations and controls operations.

   • ALU – Does math and logic.

   • Control Unit – Manages everything.

3. Storage – Temporarily or permanently stores data.

4. Output Devices – Show the final result (monitor, printer).